Improvement in securing steel or iron pins in wood



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Letters Patent No. 111,947, dated February 21, 1871.

l MPROVE MENT IN sscunlne ST'EEL OR IRON PINS IN wooo.

' The Schedule referred to in theseLetters Patent: and making part of the same.

To all wlwm it may concern Be it known that I, RICHARD. Kirsou, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a newand useful Improvement in Sec'uriugSteel orIron Pins in \Vood, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this'specification.

This invention relates to the mode or means offasten'ing' steel or 'iron .bolts, pins, teeth, or prongs in wood, and has for its object more permanent security of such bolts, pins, or teeth, without splitting the wood,.especially where such bolts, pins, 0r teeth are set in close proximity to each other, the means em ployed beluga corrosive agent, which acts upon steel or iron, and increases its holding capacities without injury to the wood.

The corrosive agent above referred to, and which I employ for securing steel or iroubolts or pins in wood, is sulphuric'acid diluted with water in about the proportions of from three to five parts of water to one of the aforesaid acid, the'latter being common sulphuric acid of commerce.

To the above-described solution of acid I add as much well-dissolved thick glue as will render it adhesive when dry, both the glue and the acid solution being heated when mixed together or while mixing.

I have found a good proportion of the glue and the acid solution to be about two pints of the thick glue to one pint of the acid solution, audthis I generally ap-' ply while in a heated state.

In the absence of the acid, common salt in solution will answer a very good purpose, and the salt solution should be made as strong as possible by dissolving, in a given quantity of water, all the salt it will dissolve, and this strong brine or acid solution, while heated, is mixed with the heated thick glue.

- Although preferring glue for the adhesive agent, I contemplate the employment of another well-known adhesive substitute, which will combine with the salt or acid solution, and prepared and applied as described. First, boring the holes in the wood of suit-able size to admit the iron bolts, pins, or teeth without hard driving, or so that they may be driven near together the pin, and to the exterior surface of the latter, the

without splitting the wood.

After thus boring the holes in the wood I generally apply some of the previously-described solution in the'holes thus bored, so as to saturate the wood aroundthe holes. I also apply some of the aforesaid solution to each bolt, pin, or tooth before driving it into a hole in the wood thus prepared to receive it, and then drive each pin to its desired. position.

The acid or saline solution soon attacks the iron or steel teeth or pins, and continues to act upon the same-until each pin becomes firm :nid'strong in its setting, and, if projecting from the wood at one or both ends, such firmly-secured pins or teeth will jendure great strain and service without becoming loosened but in each case of securing the pins as above described, from six to ten days should be allowed for the cor'roding agent toaot upon-the metal, and thereby form a suitable connection with the wood.

This invention is adapted for use in various ways and in various kinds of machinery, apparatus, or structures, among which Iwduld name bolts and spikes in the planking of ships, which, although are eventually secured by corrosion, say intwo to ten years) are more hastily secured than by the old natural means. Bolts, rivets, and other fastening devices in carriages, cars, and other like structures, and in various kinds of machinery, maybe secured by my improve: ment without any liability of splitting or injuring the wood through which such devices are driven.

'leeth, pins, or .prong's used in machinery for working, picking, or opening wool or other fibrous substances, .or for opening and picking fibrous'yarns or waste, may be advantageously set and secured by my improved process and invention.

To'illust-rate my said invention, andfor the purpose last above described, the accompanying drawing is referred to.

in the said drawing- Figure 1 represents a section of a wooden cylinder having a series of pins, teeth, or prongs, a, projecting from one surface.

Figure 2 represents. a plan ofthe same, the pins or teeth being set close together. i

The above-described drawing will illustrate my in vention and the planner of practicingithex same, the principal d'iifereuce between this use and the uses previously described being the diameter or size of the pins and the adaptation thereof for different structures.

In practicing my said invention as hereinbefore described it' will be readily seen that a new result is produced, and thatthere is a new mode of action, which is as follows:

When the adhesive and corroding solution is applied to the interior of the hole bored for the bolt or wood becomes saturated with the substance andretains it in nearly the same condition, but gradually drying for a number of days as the acid 01' the salt retard the drying process, giving time for the corroding properties or the corroding action of the acid or salt to work on theiron or steel and gradually-raise a roughness on its surface, and thus graduallyfastenit to the wood while in the process of drying or evaporating.

The corroding agent seems to have no injurious effect upon the wood, but the adhesive agent, when dried, leaveslthe fibers of the wood around the corroded belt or pin much stiffer and stronger than when in its natural state, thereby increasing the holding or retaining power of the wood as well as the iron or steel, the corroding agent acting upon the iron or steel, and the adhesive agent acting upon the wood, and both actingin connection with each other to firmly fasten the iron in the wood without injury to the latter, but to the contrary increasing its holding capacity. It will also be seen and understood that when the iron belt or pin is drivehhinto the hole in the wood most of the woody fibers around the bolt or pin are turned inward in the same direction that the bolt is driveh. These woody fibers remain in their turned position, being forced there by the driven pin, until corrosion of the metal takes place at the junction of the iron and the wood, and among the turned woody Witnesses .JOHN E. CRANE, A. HART. 

